Skip to content
Theme 1 · 1990s–2014

Starting point of reform

We will trace the background to the long period of stagnation in the capital efficiency of Japanese companies, and summarize the starting point for reforms that led to the Ito Report (August 2014) ROE of 8%, the “third arrow” of Abenomics, and the 2014 Stewardship Code.

Articles: 4Period: 1990s–2014

Articles in this theme

1.1Why 8% ROE became a benchmark for reformRead article →1.2Who filled the void after the main bank?Read article →1.3Why governance reform was included in the growth strategyRead article →1.4How the Stewardship Code changed investors (2014/2017/2020/2025)Read article →